The development of new anxiolytic drugs has been an area ofĪlcohol use disorder is an alarming health problem, and the withdrawal symptoms increase the risk of relapse. Benzodiazepines have been extensively used for the treatment of several forms of anxiety, although these compounds have well-known side-effects such as sedation, muscle relaxation, amnesia, and dependence (Rickels and Schweizer 1997).
Excess anxiety can be debilitating and damage the quality of life. Abbreviation Tau, taurine KA, kainic acid Inj, injected 21.1 Introduction Anxiety disorders are considered the most common psychiatric diagnoses, affecting between 10 and 30% of the general population. Second, taurine when injected acutely had opposite effects than when administered chronically. The major findings of this are two folds: First these results suggest that taurine might play a role in the modulation of anxiety and locomotor activity. In the elevated arm maze, taurine injection suppressed anxiety whereas taurine supplementation was anxiogenic. We found that taurine supplementation induced an increase in the total distance traveled, the overall movement speed, the time the ani-mals spent mobile, the number of line crossings, and the time the animals entered the center zone. In the open field test, taurine supplementation increased whereas taurine injection suppressed locomotor activity. We used two paradigms for taurine treatment: Acute injection versus chronic supplementation. These two test conditions generated different levels of anxiety, and both anxiolytic and anxiogenic effects of taurine could be assessed. In this study we investigated the effects of chronic versus acute taurine treatment on anxiety-like and locomotor behaviors using two behavioral tests: elevated plus-maze and open-field. We have previously reported that chronic supplementation of taurine in drinking water to mice increases brain excitability, mainly through alterations in the inhibitory GABAergic system.
#TAURINE ANXIETY FREE#
This article also addresses the neuropharmacological potential of taurine analogs.Taurine is one of the most abundant free amino acids especially in excitable tissues, with wide physiological actions. Herein, we present an overview on the therapeutic potential of taurine against neurological disorders and highlight clinical studies and its molecular mechanistic roles. Considering current biopharmaceutical limitations, developing novel delivery approaches and new derivatives and precursors of taurine may be an attractive option for treating neurological disorders. Several findings demonstrate its therapeutic role against neurodevelopmental disorders, including Angelman syndrome, Fragile X syndrome, sleep-wake disorders, neural tube defects and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. In addition, taurine displays potential ameliorating effects against different neurological disorders such as neurodegenerative diseases, stroke, epilepsy and diabetic neuropathy and protects against injuries and toxicities of the nervous system. Different cellular processes such as energy metabolism, gene expression, osmosis and quality control of protein are regulated by taurine. Taurine also modulates ER stress, Ca 2+ homeostasis and neuronal activity at the molecular level as part of its broader roles. In the several disease models, it attenuates inflammation- and oxidative stress-mediated injuries. It presents in different organs, including retina, brain, heart and placenta and demonstrates extensive physiological activities within the body.
Taurine is a sulfur-containing amino acid and known as semi-essential in mammals and is produced chiefly by the liver and kidney.
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